By George Britton, Synnove Liaaen-Jensen, Hanspeter Pfander
More than two decades after the belief of this Carotenoids booklet sequence used to be first mentioned, we eventually succeed in the top of the venture with quantity five, which covers the features and activities of carotenoids in human food and healthiness. In 1971, in Isler’s booklet Carotenoids, features of carotenoids and nutrition A have been coated in exactly chapters. Now, because of technical advancements and multidisciplinary ways that give the opportunity to check useful methods in nice element, this topic is the main swiftly increasing zone of carotenoid study, and occupies complete volumes, Volumes four: usual services and five: nutrients and healthiness. even though quantity five can be utilized as a unmarried stand-alone quantity, the 2 have been deliberate as significant other volumes for use jointly. to appreciate the mechanisms of services and activities of carotenoids, together with how carotenoids could be desirous about preserving human future health, calls for figuring out of the underlying rules, that are awarded within the first a part of quantity four. the overall philosophy and technique of the sequence, to have specialist authors evaluate and examine significantly a specific subject and current details and provides suggestions on useful suggestions and techniques is maintained in Volumes four and five. it's also the purpose that those guides might be worthy for either skilled carotenoid researchers and rookies to the field.
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Extra resources for Carotenoids: Volume 5: Nutrition and Health
Example text
3. Choice of system: Normal phase or reversed phase? In most cases, a stationary phase for which the carotenoids of interest have the greatest affinity gives longer retention times and more efficient separation. Apolar carotenoids, especially carotenes, have greatest affinity for apolar reversed-phase stationary phases. Xanthophylls have greatest affinity for polar normal-phase stationary phases. NP-HPLC uses the conventional adsorption stationary phases alumina and especially silica, with a mobile phase of low polarity.
Stronger, miscible solvents can be used for injection if the volume is small (10 μL) and the concentrations of carotenoids are not greatly in excess of their solubility in Analysis of Carotenoids in Nutritional Studies 23 the mobile phase. The solubility of some carotenoids in the mobile phase may be low, however, and it is then convenient to use a different solvent to ensure that the sample is fully dissolved. When the carotenoids are more conveniently solubilized in a solvent other than the HPLC mobile phase, the generation of HPLC artefacts may be eliminated by lowering the concentration of the sample or by reducing the injection volume.
There have been extensive epidemiological surveys to identify associations between carotenoids, either from normal dietary intake or administered in intervention trials, and relative risk of serious conditions such as cancer and coronary heart disease. Chapter 10 describes the various experimental designs, how data are obtained and evaluated, and the strengths and limitations of the various Editors’ Introduction: A Healthy Debate 5 methods. Some large studies are described and the relative merits of different endpoints evaluated.